今天初学Python写了一个用于计算指定年指定月日历的脚本
我的Python版本：Python 3.4.2
输入：脚本名 年（4位数字，1900-2100） 月（1-2位数字，1-12）
输出：打印的指定年月日历信息
Calendar.py
import osimport sys# check if the number of input is legalif len(sys.argv) != 3: print('Invalid input! Example: 2014 12') os.system('pause') # "press any key to continue..." os._exit(0) # terminate this script# check if input(year) is legalprint("Year: %s" % sys.argv[1])if not str(sys.argv[1]).isdigit(): print('Invalid input! Year must be a positive integer') os.system('pause') os._exit(0) elif int(sys.argv[1]) < 1900 or int(sys.argv[1]) > 2100: print('Invalid input! Year must bigger than 1900 and smaller than 2100') os.system('pause') os._exit(0)# check if input(month) is legalprint("Month: %s" % sys.argv[2])if not str(sys.argv[2]).isdigit(): print('Invalid input! Month must be a positive integer') os.system('pause') os._exit(0) elif int(sys.argv[2]) < 1 or int(sys.argv[2]) > 12: print('Invalid input! Year must bigger than 1 and smaller than 12') os.system('pause') os._exit(0)# check: is a leap year or not# param @year: the year input# return: leap: True; not leap: Falsedef IsLeapYear(year): if year % 4 != 0: return False if year % 100 == 0 and year % 400 != 0: return False return Truecur_year = sys.argv[1] # the year inputcur_month = sys.argv[2] # the month input# counter: the first day in cur_year, cur_month, it indicates the day of weekcounter = 0for i in range(1900, int(cur_year)): if IsLeapYear(i): counter += 366 else: counter += 365days_in_month = [31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31]days_in_month_leap = [31, 29, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31]for i in range(1, int(cur_month)): if not IsLeapYear(int(cur_year)): counter += days_in_month[i - 1] else: counter += days_in_month_leap[i - 1]# first_day_in_cur_month: what day is the first day in cur_monthfirst_day_in_cur_month = counter % 7# name of each monthmonth_name = ['January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August', 'September', 'October', 'November', 'December']# char numbers of each linecalendar_width = 45# print titleprint()print('=' * calendar_width)space_num = (calendar_width - len(month_name[int(cur_month) - 1])) // 2sys.stdout.write(" "* space_num)sys.stdout.write(month_name[int(cur_month) - 1])sys.stdout.write("\n")print('=' * calendar_width)print(" MON TUE WED THU FRI SAT SUN")print('=' * calendar_width)# establish a calendar# calendar = [[0] * 7] * 6 # can not do like this! change a number then change a columncalendar = [[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]]days_count = 0if not IsLeapYear(int(cur_year)): days_count = days_in_month[int(cur_month) - 1]else: days_count = days_in_month_leap[int(cur_month) - 1]for i in range(0, days_count): x = (first_day_in_cur_month + i) // 7 y = (first_day_in_cur_month + i) % 7 calendar[x][y] = i + 1 # print calendarfor i in range(0, 6): if(i != 0 and calendar[i][0] == 0): # no more days to output then break break; sys.stdout.write(" " * 3) for j in range(0, 7): str_date = str(calendar[i][j]) sys.stdout.write(" ") if str_date == "0": sys.stdout.write(" ") elif len(str_date) == 1: sys.stdout.write(str_date) sys.stdout.write(" ") else: sys.stdout.write(str_date) sys.stdout.write(" " * 3) sys.stdout.write("\n")# print the end lineprint('=' * calendar_width)print()# os.system('pause')
补充说明：使用 Visual Studio 上的 Python 插件时，调试时要设置命令行输入参数，需要进行如下两步
1）项目→Calendar属性（Calendar为项目名）
2）在属性界面的Debug选项卡中，设置“Script Arguments”，这个程序的输入为“2014 10”
优化：（2014年12月31日）
这3个优化的地方都需要引用calendar，设变量year存储年，变量month存储月
1）遍历一个月的所有天，在本文的代码中，用range(0, days_count)，
可以用calendar.monthrange(year, month)代替
2）找出一个月的第一天是星期几，之前用first_day_in_cur_month保存，
可以用calendar.weekday(year, month, 1)代替
calendar.weekday函数中，星期一则返回0，星期二则返回1，以此类推，星期日返回6
3）日历矩阵可以直接用calendar.monthcalendar(year, month)得出
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